The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American history. It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Abraham Lincoln's carefully crafted address, secondary to other presentations that day, came to be regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American history. In just over two minutes, Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis, with "a new birth of freedom," that would bring true equality[8] to all of its citizens.[8] Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but also for the principle of human equality.
Beginning with the now-iconic phrase "Four score and seven years ago" — referring to the Declaration of Independence, written at the start of the American Revolution in 1776 — Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States in the context of the Civil War, and memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners (and the nation) to ensure the survival of America's representative democracy, that "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
Despite the speech's prominent place in the history and popular culture of the United States, the exact wording and location of the speech are disputed. The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address differ in a number of details and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech. Modern scholarship locates the speakers' platform 40 yards (or more) away from the Traditional Site within Soldiers' National Cemetery at the Soldiers' National Monument and entirely within private, adjacent Evergreen Cemetery.
| “ | Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. | ” |
다음은 그 번역문이다:
| “ | 여든 하고도 일곱해 전, 우리의 선조들은 자유속에 잉태된 나라, 모든 사람은 평등하다는 믿음에 바쳐진 새 나라를 이 대륙에 낳았습니다. 지금 우리는 그 나라, 혹은 그같이 태어나고 그같은 믿음을 가진 나라들이 오래도록 버틸수가 있는가 시험받는 내전을 치르고 있습니다. 그리고 우리는 그 전쟁의 거대한 격전지가 되었던 싸움터에 모였습니다. 우리는 그 땅의 일부를, 그 나라를 살리기 위하여 이 곳에서 생명을 바친 이들에게 마지막 안식처로서 바치고자 모였습니다. 이것은 우리가 그들에게 해 줘야 마땅하고 옳은 일인 것입니다. 그러나 보다 넓은 의미에서, 우리는 이 땅을 헌정하거나… 봉헌 하거나… 신성하게 할 수 없습니다. 이곳에서 싸운 죽은, 혹은 살아남은 용사들이 이미 이 땅을 신성하게 하였으며, 우리의 미약한 힘으로는 더 이상 보탤 수도, 뺄 수도 없기 때문입니다. 우리가 지금 이 자리에서 말하는 것을 세상은 주목하지도, 오래 기억하지도 않을 것입니다. 하지만 그 용사들이 이곳에서 한 일은 결코 잊지 못할 것입니다. 우리, 살아남은 이에게 남겨진 일은 오히려, 이곳에서 싸운 이들이 오래도록 고결하게 추진해온, 끝나지 않은 일에 헌신하는 것입니다. 우리들에게 남은 일은 오히려, 명예로이 죽은 이들의 뜻을 받들어, 그분들이 마지막 모든 것을 바쳐 헌신한 그 대의에 더욱 헌신하는 것입니다. 그것은 그분들의 죽음이 헛되지 않도록 하고, 신의 가호 아래, 이땅에 새로운 자유를 탄생시키며, 그리고 사람들을 위한, 사람들에 의한, 사람들의 정부가 지구상에서 죽지 않도록 하는 것입니다. |
